不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)泵分(fen)為不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)離心泵,不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)磁力泵,不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)自吸(xi)泵,不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)管道(dao)泵,一般不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)離心泵,過流(liu)部件(jian)采用(yong)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)材質,葉輪采用(yong)銅合(he)(he)金材質,用(yong)戶在(zai)選用(yong)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)泵時,很多(duo)是輸送的液體含(han)酸(suan)含(han)腐(fu)蝕(shi),那么不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)和(he)銅合(he)(he)金的耐酸(suan)耐腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)能怎么樣(yang)呢,特性(xing)有哪些呢?
一、葉輪銅(tong)合金的耐硫酸(suan)腐蝕特性:
銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)及銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)金在(zai)(zai)還原性的稀(xi)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)中(zhong)(zhong)是十分穩定的,因為它們具有(you)(you)(you)較氫高得多的電極電位,在(zai)(zai)稀(xi)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)中(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)(jiu)不易(yi)發生折氫腐蝕(shi)反應(ying),這(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)使(shi)得銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)及銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)金在(zai)(zai)稀(xi)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)中(zhong)(zhong)具有(you)(you)(you)較其(qi)他(ta)工程合(he)金好(hao)得多的耐(nai)蝕(shi)性。但是銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)及銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)金對氧(yang)化(hua)性雜質很敏感,當稀(xi)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)中(zhong)(zhong)含有(you)(you)(you)氧(yang)、硝酸(suan)(suan)(suan)、鉻(ge)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)、氯(lv)氣(qi)、次氯(lv)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鹽、氯(lv)化(hua)亞銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、氯(lv)化(hua)鐵(tie)、硫(liu)(liu)化(hua)鐵(tie)以及氨與(yu)氨鹽時都會(hui)加速銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)及銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)金的腐蝕(shi)。在(zai)(zai)具有(you)(you)(you)氧(yang)化(hua)性的濃(nong)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)中(zhong)(zhong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)及銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)金也不耐(nai)蝕(shi)。
在(zai)敞口的稀(xi)硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)設備中(zhong)(zhong),銅(tong)(tong)及銅(tong)(tong)合(he)(he)金在(zai)水線處會(hui)發生嚴重的腐蝕(shi)。錫青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)在(zai)60%以(yi)(yi)下濃度(du)(du)、80℃以(yi)(yi)下溫度(du)(du)的硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)中(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)使用(yong)。硅青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(Everdur)具有比錫青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)稍好(hao)的耐蝕(shi)性。鋁(lv)(lv)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)在(zai)稀(xi)硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)中(zhong)(zhong)使用(yong)效果較(jiao)(jiao)好(hao),這不僅是因為它比較(jiao)(jiao)耐磨(mo)損腐蝕(shi),而且它對氧化性條件也(ye)不如前面(mian)所(suo)述銅(tong)(tong)合(he)(he)金那(nei)樣敏感。在(zai)40%以(yi)(yi)硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)中(zhong)(zhong),即(ji)使到沸點,鋁(lv)(lv)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)也(ye)有良好(hao)的耐蝕(shi)性。
鎳白銅在(zai)(zai)稀硫酸中(zhong)耐蝕(shi)性能(neng)良(liang)好,特別(bie)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)等濃度的沸騰硫酸中(zhong)耐蝕(shi)性能(neng)優良(liang)。只要(yao)介質中(zhong)不(bu)含氧化性雜質,在(zai)(zai)55%以下硫酸中(zhong)都可(ke)使用。
Cu88Ni9Si2合金(jin)適宜鑄造泵(beng)、閥等,用(yong)于50%以下的高(gao)溫稀(xi)硫(liu)酸(suan)中性能(neng)良(liang)好。經合成(cheng)酒精生產110士10℃, 40±10%硫(liu)酸(suan)中使(shi)用(yong)六年以上壽(shou)命遠遠超過包括鎳(nie)鉬(mu)合金(jin)在內的其(qi)他工程(cheng)合金(jin)。
二、不(bu)銹鋼泵不(bu)銹鋼的耐硫酸腐蝕特性:
普通(tong)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)通(tong)常不(bu)(bu)用于接觸硫(liu)(liu)酸的(de)設備上,18-12Mo型不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)偶爾被(bei)用于室溫含很稀的(de)硫(liu)(liu)酸的(de)介質(zhi)中(zhong),或(huo)者是(shi)含有氧(yang)化性成份的(de)稀硫(liu)(liu)酸溶液中(zhong)。由于不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)在硫(liu)(liu)酸中(zhong)耐蝕(shi)性不(bu)(bu)穩定,要獲得可(ke)靠的(de)數據并(bing)制成腐(fu)蝕(shi)圖是(shi)比較困難(nan)的(de)。
在室溫(wen)濃(nong)硫(liu)(liu)酸中(zhong),不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)具(ju)有(you)尚好的耐(nai)蝕(shi)性(xing),但在通常(chang)的情況下,寧可采用(yong)(yong)(yong)碳鋼(gang)(gang)而(er)不(bu)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)。除非介質(zhi)要(yao)求防止(zhi)鐵離子污(wu)染(ran)時,或者是在101%左右硫(liu)(liu)酸中(zhong)碳鋼(gang)(gang)不(bu)能使用(yong)(yong)(yong)時,才能選用(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)。鉻不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)、鉻鎳不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)和(he)鉻鎳鉬不(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)相似,在室溫(wen)濃(nong)硫(liu)(liu)酸中(zhong)具(ju)有(you)較好的耐(nai)蝕(shi)性(xing),隨著溫(wen)度的升高(gao)腐蝕(shi)率也明顯(xian)升高(gao)。在60℃以上的濃(nong)硫(liu)(liu)酸中(zhong),使用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命較短,不(bu)宜采用(yong)(yong)(yong)。
含銅、鉬的不銹鋼,如OCr18Ni18Mo2Cu2Ti和(he)1Cr17Mn9Ni3Mo3Cu2N鋼等(deng),主要用(yong)在(zai)稀硫酸(suan)中。這類鋼在(zai)溫(wen)度(du)低于(yu)40℃、濃度(du)小(xiao)于(yu)70%的硫酸(suan)中可(ke)以使(shi)(shi)用(yong)。在(zai)濃度(du)小(xiao)于(yu)5%的硫酸(suan)中,溫(wen)度(du)高(gao)達(da)80℃時也(ye)可(ke)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)。該鋼適宜制造泵、閥等(deng)鑄件或鍛件。
含硅的(de)(de)不銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)1Cr18Ni11Si4A1Ti,在(zai)濃硫酸中具有比(bi)普通不銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)好得多的(de)(de)耐(nai)蝕性,即使在(zai)較高的(de)(de)溫度(du)下也有較好的(de)(de)耐(nai)蝕性。表3表明在(zai)97%左右的(de)(de)濃硫酸中1Cr18Ni11Si4A1Ti鋼(gang)(gang)具有比(bi)其他不銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)更好的(de)(de)耐(nai)蝕性。因此在(zai)60~100℃的(de)(de)濃硫酸中使用(yong)的(de)(de)設備(bei),可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)1Cr18Ni11Si4A1Ti而(er)不必(bi)采(cai)用(yong)昂(ang)貴的(de)(de)鎳鉬(mu)合金。我國合成酒精設備(bei)上用(yong)的(de)(de)泵、閥就是這樣,效果顯著。
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